Meat from goats is a type of red meat and can come in many different cuts from the animal. Beef, veal, lamb and pork are mostly cut into loin, rib, round, roast, shoulder and leg portions. Different types of meat include beef, lamb, pork, poultry and wild game. Goat meat is not widely consumed in the united states, but it is a popular protein source in developing countries. The calories in meats, which are animal products, are primarily in the form of fat and protein. Typical products are chorizo and salami type summer sausages. Encyclopedia of food sciences and nutrition second edition, 2003. Overview of meat packages was prepared as a guide as shown below. Although production of all major meat types have been increasing in absolute terms, in relative terms the share of global meat types have changed significantly over the last 50 years. Collagen is importance in meats because it is the fibrous protein found in the structural. Meat is one of those food items that is widely consumed by humans across the globe.
Spoilage of meat and meat products food microbiology. Meat and poultry product list health care without harm. Cutting the meat depending on individual preferences for the number of servings and cooking methods, the meat can be cut into roasts, rolled roasts, steaks, chops, stew meat, ground meat, etc. While certain foods are more likely to make you sick, any food can get contaminated in the field, during. Chap 2 hazards biological, chemical, and physical people may come into contact with thousands of kinds of yeasts, molds, bacteria, viruses and protozoa daily without ill effect. These early processed meat products were prepared for one purpose, their preservation. Classification flesh foods usually are categorized as meat, poultry, or fish. The meat products produced with this method are mostly approved in the meaning. A meat analog, also called a meat substitute, mock meat, faux meat or imitation meat, approximates certain aesthetic qualities and chemical characteristics of specific types of meat. In europe, alder is the traditional smoking wood, but oak is more often used now, and beech to a lesser extent. The meat losses some of its waterbinding capacity which is so important in certain types of meat processing.
Examine methods for irradiation,g g curing and smoking meat products. The bones, hooves and horns of sheep are also used to make products such as gelatin, tape, brushes and pet food ingredients. Market forms of meat fresh meat is a form of meat after slaughter that has not undergone chilling chilled meat has been kept cold above freezing point within 24 hours after slaughter 17. Spoilage of meat products occurs generally in three types.
While these spoiling microorganisms are not acceptable in raw meat and meat products, certain types of fermentative microorganisms, especially the lab, either exist in raw meat naturally natural micro flora or added by producers, are used for the production of. Pdf consumers not only prefer good tasting meat products, but they. Oct 11, 2019 raw foods of animal origin are the most likely to be contaminated, specifically raw or undercooked meat and poultry, raw or lightly cooked eggs, unpasteurized raw milk, and raw shellfish. Whenever possible it is best to eat fresh cut meat. Many of these meats come in different types of cuts that require somewhat different preparation and cooking methods. Products such as bologna, frankfurters and many loaf types of luncheon meat are made from finely ground meat emulsions. Some meat products must have a minimum amount of meat and some can only include certain types of meat. Meat products handbook practical science and technology gerhard feiner crc press boca raton boston new york washington, dc woodhead publishing limited cambridge, england iii. Mostly pieces of lean meat are cut to a specific uniform. The others are elastin, reticulin, and ground substance.
One of the worlds most pressing challenges is to produce and consume meat, dairy and other protein products in a way that reduces its environmental impacts. When moving to a healthy diet without processed foods many people assume that meats are all a healthy option. Seafood plays a major role in the growth of the market pertaining to the rising demand of healthy protein rich foods. Packaging materials entering a meat or poultry plant must be accompanied or covered by a guaranty or statement of assurance from the packaging supplier.
Meat and poultry products may not be packaged in a container composed of any substances that may adulterate the contents or be injurious to health. Beef was the main ingredient in the products surveyed, though restructured ribs are usually pork and there are some lamb products. Sarcoplasmic proteins are responsible for the metabolism in an animal cell. Restructured meat an overview sciencedirect topics. But the production of meat has large environmental impacts increasing greenhouse gas emissions, agricultural land and freshwater use. Of the four, collagen is perhaps the most important. Poultryis the inclusive term for turkey, chicken, and duck. Pdf identification of meat species in different types of. May 27, 2015 utilization of meat industry by products and wastes 1. This handbook comprehensively presents the current status of the manufacturing of the most important meat products.
Smoking meat and sausages smoking meats and sausages is one of the oldest methods of meat preservation. Meat spoilage mechanisms and preservation techniques. As you may have guessed, spore formers can form spores, and nonspore formers cannot form spores. Start with boneless, skinless chicken breasts, and youre on your way to an endless variety of meals. These products are the result of simple drying of lean meat. Identification of meat species in different types of meat products by pcr. Meat products is a term that includes the result of any type of processing ranging. Introduction to the microbiology of food processing small plant news guidebook series bacteria can be placed into two groups based on their ability to form spores. In fact, there are so many different cuts of pork, and a variety of meat products use it such as. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Explain the composition of gelatin and its properties. Show less there has long been a need for a comprehensive onevolume reference on the main types of processed meat products and their methods of manufacture. Meats are often classified by the type of animal from which they are taken.
Meat is often spiced or seasoned, particularly with meat products such as sausages. Some sausages are cooked during processing and the casing may be removed after. Meat, fish, and lapsang souchong tea are often smoked. Meatincludes all red meats from animal sources, although the only ones commonly available are beef, veal, pork, and lamb or mutton in some countries. Meat from any source is of similar nutritional value, whether it is white or red. Based on over twenty years experience in the industry, meat products handbook is designed to meet that need. Grindrod oscar meyer and company in discussing current packaging and packaging techniques for meats, it is useful to classify the proliferating types of meat packages into some sort of logical order. Meat is either consumed as a component of kitchenstyle food preparations or as processed meat products. Learn english vocabulary for different types of food including vegetables, fruits, meat and poultry, fish and seafood, dairy products, grains, nuts, beans, etc. Meat is mainly composed of water and protein, which is flesh of animals such as chickens, sheep, pigs and cattle, and is usually eaten together with other food. Meat quality evaluation starts with the quality control of raw meat obtained after slaughtering. Editor and renowned meat expert fidel toldra heads an international collection of meat scientists who have contributed to this essential reference book. Historical background the salting and smoking of meat was an ancient practice even before the birth of christ.
The term beef, for instance, refers to meat from cattle over 9 months old. Sausage and meat products of all kinds of slaughter animals and pre cooked meat products. Study on influence of different types of meat on the quality of meat products conference paper pdf available november 2015 with 121 reads how we measure reads. The book entitled textbook on meat, poultry and fish technology contains many parts which are as under. Cured meat products an overview sciencedirect topics. Climactic differences were a significant factor in the development of different methods of smoking, drying, and preserving meat products. Additionally, certain types of yeasts and molds are also used in production of some special fermented meat products. Meat purchased from grocery stores is ready to be frozen as is, or cut into servingsize portions and frozen. Meat products are defined as those in which fresh meat has been modified by any of several processing methods, including curing, comminution. Explain the methods of meat cookery and the rationale for using each.
Therefore, when foods are processed and preserved, food processors and regulators need only be concerned with some microorganisms, particularly pathogens. Their processing is based on the experience that meat will not easily spoil when a substantial part of the natural tissue fluid is evaporated. Also, to obtain nitrosamine, the ph value of food must be below 5. Safety of meat and meat products glossary bibliography biographical sketch summary among mammalian species, the meats consumed by humans are primarily from cattle, pigs, and sheep.
Introduction to the microbiology of food processing. Pdf study on influence of different types of meat on the. Foods most likely to cause food poisoning cdc food safety. There has long been a need for a comprehensive onevolume reference on the main types of processed meat products and their methods of manufacture. Smoking is the process of flavoring, browning, cooking, or preserving food by exposing it to smoke from burning or smoldering material, most often wood. Many common types of prepackaged meatbased foods fall into this category, including lunch meats, some sausages and many canned meats. In 1961, poultry meat accounted for only 12 percent of global meat production.
Structural and prerequisite hygiene requirements b. Myoglobin colour of meat and haemoglobin colour of blood are the most important types of globulin. Meat processing technology for small to medium scale producers. Other products, such as smoked pork sausages, or italian and polish sausages, are coarse in texture and do not require emulsification.
If your product does not contain enough meat, or contains a different type of meat to that allowed, you cannot use the description given in the name of product column below. This authoritative and comprehensive book summarizes. There are three main mechanisms for meat and meat products spoilage after slaughtering and during processing and storage. Beyond the critical temperature, further table 3 specific heat values above freezing for different meat types. Definitions meat is defined as the flesh of animals used as food zhou et al. Objectives examine methods for irradiation,g g curing and smoking meat products examine the variety of meats made available through curing. Pdf identification of meat species in different types of meat. List of meats and poultry natural health techniques.
The global meat, poultry and seafood industry comprises various product types including beef, pork, chicken, turkey, tuna, salmon, shrimp, sardines, prawns and other fishes. Meat products includes all types of meat, poultry, and game products, in pieces and cuts or comminuted, fresh and processed. However, the different rules for handling different types of meat can be. Meat and meat products are rich and concentrated sources of nutrients including fats, proteins, vitamin b12, zinc and iron. Meat curing is the application of salt, color fixing ingredients, and seasoning in order to impart unique properties to the end product. Sausage making is a traditional food preservation technique. Many common types of prepackaged meat based foods fall into this category, including lunch meats, some sausages and many canned meats. Jun 07, 2018 textbook on meat, poultry and fish technology pdf. The percentages of nutrients depends on the exact cut, in other words the part of the animal the meat is from. In general ive found over the last couple of decades that most blood type o people need to eat meat or they have no energy, their hair falls out and they bruisethey do not make healthy vegetarians no matter what they thinkat least ive never seen one. A total of 102 different meat products obtained from various markets in ankara were analyzed for species identification by pcr. A uk survey of grillsteak type products showed that most have a meat content of 93% or above, though some were as low as 55% jolley et al.
Course contents theoretical instruction basic principles of meat preservation. For all meat types, there was a rapid nonlinear increase in the enthalpy as temperatures approached the critical temperature about. Meat dishes are usually described by their source animal and part of body and method of preparation e. Identify meat cuts, grades, and the marketing process. Sausage is a food usually made from ground meat with a skin around it. Our estimates showed that frozen beef constituted the principal processed meat product sold at the two markets. Proteins four categories of materials are abundant in the connective tissue of meats. By and large, the more expensive the cut is per pound, the more tender it is. While the volume trade in poultry meat has doubled over the past decade, growth slowed in. Processed meat products, although in some regions still in their. The names for the various types apply to the specific animals from which they are obtained.
Processed meat products are those that are chopped and developed into a product that has additives and a different texture than the original meat. Many types of bacteria can grow on animal products, so its important to safely handle and store all types of meat. Once you know cuts of meat for beef, youre ready to cook pork and lamb, too. Students acquire knowledge of the use of physical, chemical and biological methods of preserving meat and meat products as strategically important foodstuffs. Flesh foods usually are categorized as meat, poultry, or fish.
Full list of meat products wholesale supplier of meats, poultry and game james burden smithfield market. Other includes lamb, veal, meatloaf, hot dogs and sausage. Typically, a sausage is formed in a casing traditionally made from intestine, but sometimes synthetic. In addition, phosphates in meat products are also sources of the supply of phosphorus for consumers through diet, which is an essential mineral for the lives of humans. The best airdried hams originated in the south spanish serrano, italian parma. The fact is, however, that there are many different types of processed meats that contain added sugars, fats, nitrates, chemicals, preservatives and more. Meat from cattle that are 3 to 9 months of age is classified as calf.
Meat and meat products food and agriculture organization. All of these are either pure protein or conjugated protein compounds. Meat processing, preparation of meat for human consumption. Just click on the spreadsheet that matches the category youre looking for. Pdf species identification in food of animal origin is an important subject for food control. But oftentimes, tougher cuts carry more meaty flavor. Meat preservationmeat preservation irradiation and curing. Here is a list of some of the common types of meat. In cured meat products such as cooked sausages and cooked hams, the level of secondary amines is next to nothing and therefore nitrosamines cannot be obtained. The muscle of domesticated animals is known as red meat. The second step is the estimation of the quality of cooked meat. Meat and poultry packaging materials food safety and.
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